CP-Titanium Grade 2
metalcommercially pure titanium — alpha
CP-Ti Gr2UNS R50400Grade 2 TitaniumCommercially Pure Titanium Grade 2ASTM Grade 2 TiISO Ti-0.25O
Composition — UNS R50400 / ASTM F2885
| Element | Min % | Max % | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ti | bal. | balance | |
| O | — | 0.250 | Primary strengthener in CP-Ti; Grade 2 has higher O (max 0.25%) than Grade 1 (max 0.18%), giving better strength at slight ductility cost |
| Fe | — | 0.300 | Impurity element; forms interstitials that marginally increase strength |
| C | — | 0.080 | |
| N | — | 0.030 | Interstitial; strengthens but reduces ductility and corrosion resistance at higher levels |
| H | — | 0.015 | Hydrogen embrittlement risk; controlled atmosphere mandatory during LPBF (O₂ < 100 ppm, H₂ minimal) |
Mechanical & thermal properties — 2 conditions
| Property | LPBF as-built (XY) | EBM as-built |
|---|---|---|
| Elastic modulus | 95–115 GPa | — |
| Yield strength (0.2%) | 330–430 MPa | 280–390 MPa |
| Ultimate tensile strength | 450–570 MPa | 390–500 MPa |
| Elongation at break | 15.0–28.0 % | 18.0–33.0 % |
| Hardness (HV) | 185–235 HV10 | 165–205 HV10 |
| Density | 4.51 g/cm³ | 4.51 g/cm³ |
| Relative density | 98.8–99.9 % | — |
| Thermal conductivity | 16.4 W/m·K | — |
| CTE | 8.2–9.2 µm/m·K | — |
| As-built surface Ra | 8.0–22.0 µm | — |
Values shown as min–max where a spread is reported, otherwise as typical ± unit. Ranges reflect inter-source variation, not single-sample scatter. All values are for AM-processed specimens unless noted.
Engineering considerations
- Specify CP-Ti Gr2 over Ti-6Al-4V only when corrosion resistance or biocompatibility is the primary driver — structural applications requiring >500 MPa UTS are better served by Ti64
- For medical implants: ASTM F2885 sets the acceptance criteria — verify elongation ≥20% on each lot, as LPBF scatter can bring values close to the limit
- EBM produces coarser microstructure with better ductility — preferred for orthopaedic lattice structures; LPBF preferred for dental and precision medical components
- Electropolishing is the standard finishing route for dental and orthopaedic implants — reduces Ra from ~13 µm to <0.5 µm and removes surface contamination
- HIP can be applied to close residual porosity and improve fatigue life — follow same HIP cycle as Ti-6Al-4V (920°C / 100 MPa / 2h) with similar benefits
- Osseointegration surface: for bone-contacting implant surfaces, Ra of 1–4 µm is optimal — grit-blasting + acid-etching (SLA) is common commercial implant finishing
- Galvanic compatibility: CP-Ti and Ti-6Al-4V are galvanically compatible in biological fluids — mixed assemblies are acceptable
Advantages
- Superior corrosion resistance to Ti-6Al-4V — no Al or V in solution; passive TiO₂ film unaffected by alloying
- No vanadium — removes cytotoxicity concern for long-term implants (V is an IARC Group 2B carcinogen)
- Excellent ductility (elongation ~20–25%) — significantly more deformable than Ti-6Al-4V
- Biocompatibility extensively documented — ISO 10993-1 compliant, FDA-cleared for implantable use
- Lower processing temperature than Ti-6Al-4V — slightly different LPBF parameter window but well-characterised
- Higher thermal conductivity than Ti-6Al-4V (~16 vs ~7 W/m·K) — lower residual stress accumulation in LPBF
Limitations
- Significantly lower strength than Ti-6Al-4V — not suitable for load-bearing structural aerospace applications
- Low hardness (~185–210 HV) — poor wear resistance; tribological surfaces need coating or avoid contact
- Higher raw material cost than stainless steel but lower than some Ti-6Al-4V grades
- Limited LPBF parameter databases compared to Ti-6Al-4V — parameter development required on new platforms
- As-built LPBF surface roughness (~13 µm Ra) requires post-processing for medical implant surfaces
- EBM surface roughness much higher (~28–35 µm Ra) — machining or electropolishing mandatory for bearing surfaces
- Prone to hydrogen embrittlement at elevated H₂ levels — strict atmosphere control required
Typical applications
Orthopaedic implants requiring superior corrosion resistance (e.g. shoulder, ankle, craniofacial)Porous scaffolds for bone ingrowth (EBM lattice acetabular cups, trabecular structures)Dental implants and abutments — no V cytotoxicity concernElectrochemical cell components, bipolar plates for fuel cellsChemical processing equipment (valves, heat exchangers in chloride environments)Marine hardware and offshore equipment (superior chloride corrosion resistance)Patient-specific craniofacial and maxillofacial implantsSurgical instruments requiring biocompatibility without the strength of Ti-6Al-4V
Industries
medicaldentalindustrialenergyaerospace
Standards & certifications
ASTM-F2885established
CP-Ti Grade 2 parts produced by powder bed fusion (LPBF and EBM) for medical implants
medicaldental
Specifies composition, powder requirements, and minimum mechanical properties (UTS ≥345 MPa, YS ≥275 MPa, El ≥20%). Cross-reference with ISO 5832-2 for European market.
Compatible AM processes (2)
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Related calculators
LPBF Porosity PredictorPredict lack-of-fusion and keyhole porosity from laser parameters. Maps VED and normalised enthalpy to relative density and flags dangerous regimes.Powder Characterisation TrackerScore a powder batch against key qualification metrics — particle size distribution, flowability, apparent/tap density, moisture, and oxygen content.Surface Treatment SelectorRank post-print surface treatments (shot peening, electropolishing, tumbling, PVD, and more) against Ra target, material, fatigue criticality, and corrosion requirements.NDT SelectorSelect the right non-destructive testing method for your AM part. Inputs: material class, defect focus, geometry, production volume, and criticality. Ranked scorecard across CT, X-ray, UT, FPI, MPI, eddy current, and visual inspection with detection limits and standard references.HIPRecommended HIP temperature, pressure, and dwell time for AM metals per ASTM F3301, AMS 2801, and DEF STAN 02-835. Covers Ti alloys, Ni superalloys, steels.
Last reviewed: 2026-05-13 · v1 · Sources: astm-f2885-cp-ti, attar-2014-cp-ti-lpbf, murr-2009-ebm-cp-ti, debroy-2018-review
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